Textural and geochemical characteristics of late Pleistocene to Holocene fine-grained deep-sea sediment cores (GM6 and GM7), recovered from southwestern Gulf of Mexico

Anaya-Gregorio, Abigail; Armstrong-Altrin, John S.; Machain-Castillo, María Luisa; Montiel-García, Patricia C.; Ramos-Vázquez, Mayla A.

doi:10.1186/s42501-018-0005-3

Journal of Palaeogeography

Table 3 Major element concentrations (weight %) for the deep sea sediments of the southwestern Gulf of Mexico

From: Textural and geochemical characteristics of late Pleistocene to Holocene fine-grained deep-sea sediment cores (GM6 and GM7), recovered from southwestern Gulf of Mexico

Core No.	GM6
Section (cm)	0–1	31–32	46–47	61–62	76–77	91–92	121–122	136–137	151–152	166–167	180–181
vol. free SiO₂	56.2	55.9	54.6	54.2	54.7	54.8	55.1	53.9	53.7	54.9	54.5
SiO₂	45.7	45.3	44.1	44.1	45.5	45.2	44.8	44.1	43.8	46.0	44.7
TiO₂	0.617	0.645	0.612	0.689	0.626	0.651	0.714	0.624	0.653	0.625	0.656
Al₂O₃	14.2	13.9	14.0	15.6	14.8	14.4	14.9	13.9	14.7	15.0	14.3
Fe₂O₃^*	5.80	5.74	5.83	5.62	5.57	5.37	5.78	5.24	5.86	5.76	5.64
MnO	0.048	0.054	0.127	0.041	0.050	0.053	0.081	0.095	0.075	0.086	0.680
MgO	2.41	2.44	2.42	2.33	2.42	2.34	2.37	2.44	2.53	2.55	2.39
CaO	7.68	7.98	8.92	8.36	9.48	10.2	8.46	11.2	9.54	8.94	9.33
Na₂O	3.49	3.54	3.42	3.27	2.61	2.36	2.65	2.25	2.68	2.60	2.57
K₂O	1.24	1.36	1.23	1.25	1.86	1.67	1.46	1.69	1.57	2.06	1.54
P₂O₅	0.119	0.125	0.121	0.136	0.222	0.231	0.124	0.239	0.204	0.212	0.216
LOI	17.1	17.6	16.8	17.9	16.8	16.7	17.8	17.4	17.6	16.5	17.2
Sum	98.3	98.5	97.5	99.3	99.9	99.1	99.0	99.1	99.1	100.3	99.1
CIA	67	65	63	69	64	62	68	58	64	65	64
CIW	72	70	67	74	69	67	73	63	69	72	69
PIA	70	67	65	72	66	64	71	59	66	68	66
ICV	1.50	1.57	1.61	1.38	1.53	1.57	1.45	1.70	1.56	1.51	1.60
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	3.23	3.27	3.16	2.82	3.07	3.14	3.01	3.18	2.99	3.08	3.13
K₂O/Na₂O	0.354	0.383	0.359	0.382	0.711	0.708	0.549	0.748	0.587	0.795	0.598
Al₂O₃/Na₂O	4.05	3.91	4.09	4.79	5.67	6.09	5.62	6.15	5.47	5.76	5.54
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.087	0.098	0.088	0.080	0.125	0.116	0.098	0.122	0.107	0.138	0.108
Section (cm)	196–197	210–211	222–223	226–227	241–242	256–257	300–301	316–317	330–331	Mean ± 1 s (n = 20)
vol. free SiO₂	55.5	55.5	54.9	53.7	55.0	53.9	54.5	55.1	53.6	54.7 ± 0.74
SiO₂	45.5	44.8	44.9	44.9	45.2	44.0	44.7	45.8	44.4	44.9 ± 0.67
TiO₂	0.635	0.638	0.623	0.625	0.647	0.613	0.631	0.612	0.745	0.64 ± 0.04
Al₂O₃	14.1	14.3	13.7	14.9	15.5	13.5	15.7	14.5	15.4	14.6 ± 0.66
Fe₂O₃^*	5.85	5.37	5.46	5.60	5.36	5.12	5.42	5.85	5.73	5.6 ± 0.23
MnO	0.785	0.096	0.076	1.835	0.086	0.139	0.074	0.470	0.650	0.28 ± 0.44
MgO	2.29	2.44	2.30	2.59	2.44	2.35	2.50	2.45	2.55	2.43 ± 0.09
CaO	8.25	8.79	10.8	8.39	8.76	11.7	8.86	9.06	8.97	9.18 ± 1.06
Na₂O	2.72	2.25	2.34	2.72	2.34	2.56	2.21	2.55	2.21	2.67 ± 0.43
K₂O	1.79	1.80	1.33	1.81	1.75	1.31	1.68	1.63	1.97	1.60 ± 0.25
P₂O₅	0.120	0.229	0.234	0.192	0.236	0.251	0.224	0.201	0.216	0.193 ± 0.05
LOI	15.6	17.7	17.8	16.3	17.6	18.0	17.5	17.2	17.2	17.2 ± 0.61
Sum	97.6	98.4	99.5	100.0	99.9	99.6	99.5	100.3	100.0	99.2 ± 0.82
CIA	65	65	59	67	68	56	69	65	67	65 ± 4
CIW	71	71	63	73	74	60	75	70	74	70 ± 4
PIA	69	68	61	71	72	57	73	68	71	67 ± 4
ICV	1.59	1.50	1.67	1.58	1.38	1.76	1.36	1.56	1.48	1.54 ± 0.10
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	3.24	3.14	3.27	3.01	2.93	3.25	2.84	3.16	2.87	3.09 ± 0.14
K₂O/Na₂O	0.659	0.800	0.568	0.665	0.748	0.512	0.760	0.639	0.888	0.621 ± 0.16
Al₂O₃/Na₂O	5.18	6.35	5.87	5.50	6.60	5.28	7.12	5.70	6.97	5.58 ± 0.09
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.127	0.126	0.097	0.121	0.113	0.097	0.107	0.112	0.137	0.110 ± 0.016
Core No.	GM7
Section (cm)	0–1	31–32	46–47	61–62	76–77	91–92	121–122	136–137	151–152	166–167	180–181
vol. free SiO₂	54.6	55.0	54.0	55.0	54.8	54.1	53.5	54.9	56.5	54.4	56.0
SiO₂	45.7	44.9	43.7	45.8	45.7	43.8	43.6	45.3	47.3	44.3	45.9
TiO₂	0.605	0.670	0.570	0.680	0.604	0.571	0.585	0.621	0.680	0.618	0.740
Al₂O₃	15.0	15.9	13.7	15.7	14.4	13.2	13.4	14.0	14.8	14.4	14.7
Fe₂O₃^*	5.80	5.13	4.96	4.98	5.82	4.95	4.90	5.26	5.12	5.45	5.78
MnO	0.087	0.081	0.129	0.076	0.164	0.127	0.067	0.091	0.040	1.564	0.120
MgO	2.46	2.56	2.35	2.68	2.49	2.33	2.24	2.36	2.31	2.53	1.98
CaO	9.28	8.69	11.6	8.78	9.60	12.0	12.8	10.7	9.15	8.35	8.69
Na₂O	2.54	2.26	2.29	2.89	2.53	2.12	2.34	2.46	2.46	2.52	2.13
K₂O	2.06	1.26	1.47	1.48	1.90	1.63	1.37	1.40	1.58	1.44	1.79
P₂O₅	0.208	0.180	0.249	0.190	0.207	0.252	0.160	0.242	0.210	0.201	0.140
LOI	16.0	18.0	19.0	16.7	17.2	18.5	18.5	16.9	16.2	17.5	17.6
Sum	99.8	99.6	100.0	99.9	100.7	99.4	100.0	99.5	99.8	98.9	99.5
CIA	64	71	57	68	63	55	54	60	66	68	67
CIW	71	76	61	73	68	59	57	64	71	72	73
PIA	68	74	58	71	65	56	55	62	68	70	70
ICV	1.52	1.30	1.71	1.38	1.60	1.80	1.80	1.63	1.44	1.56	1.45
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	3.04	2.83	3.20	2.92	3.17	3.33	3.24	3.23	3.20	3.07	3.13
K₂O/Na₂O	0.812	0.558	0.643	0.512	0.752	0.766	0.585	0.570	0.642	0.573	0.840
Al₂O₃/Na₂O	5.92	7.02	5.98	5.43	5.70	6.20	5.74	5.71	6.01	5.72	6.88
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.137	0.079	0.108	0.094	0.132	0.124	0.102	0.100	0.107	0.100	0.122
Section (cm)	196–197	210–211	222–223	226–227	241–242	256–257	300–301	316–317	330–331	Mean ± 1 s (n = 20)
vol. free SiO₂	55.3	56.0	54.5	55.0	55.0	55.3	55.5	56.9	55.4	55.1 ± 0.83
SiO₂	46.7	47.0	44.3	45.0	44.7	45.3	45.4	47.7	45.2	45.4 ± 1.16
TiO₂	0.625	0.730	0.572	0.593	0.680	0.690	0.690	0.725	0.620	0.643 ± 0.056
Al₂O₃	14.9	14.3	13.0	14.7	16.0	13.6	14.4	14.3	15.1	14.5 ± 0.84
Fe₂O₃^*	5.87	5.91	4.79	5.20	4.23	5.12	4.79	5.84	5.06	5.25 ± 0.46
MnO	0.114	0.250	0.114	0.081	0.180	0.078	0.260	0.061	0.080	0.188 ± 0.33
MgO	2.59	1.76	2.39	2.36	2.25	2.41	2.87	2.36	2.49	2.39 ± 0.24
CaO	8.53	9.46	12.3	8.69	8.36	9.56	8.49	8.26	8.37	9.58 ± 1.45
Na₂O	2.82	2.24	2.14	2.76	2.36	2.65	2.68	2.73	2.49	2.47 ± 0.23
K₂O	2.06	2.06	1.39	2.36	2.24	2.36	2.03	1.74	1.89	1.78 ± 0.35
P₂O₅	0.188	0.230	0.262	0.109	0.270	0.117	0.190	0.188	0.170	0.198 ± 0.045
LOI	16.1	16.0	18.1	15.7	18.0	16.8	17.5	14.9	18.4	17.2 ± 1.11
Sum	100.5	99.9	99.3	97.6	99.2	98.6	99.2	98.8	99.8	99.5 ± 0.68
CIA	66	63	54	64	69	59	65	66	68	63 ± 5
CIW	72	69	58	71	77	66	71	72	74	69 ± 6
PIA	69	66	55	68	74	61	68	69	72	66 ± 6
ICV	1.51	1.57	1.82	1.50	1.27	1.68	1.52	1.52	1.39	1.55 ± 0.16
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	3.13	3.29	3.40	3.06	2.80	3.33	3.15	3.34	2.99	3.14 ± 0.17
K₂O/Na₂O	0.729	0.920	0.651	0.857	0.949	0.891	0.757	0.637	0.759	0.72 ± 0.13
Al₂O₃/Na₂O	5.30	6.37	6.10	5.34	6.77	5.12	5.37	5.23	6.07	5.90 ± 0.55
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.138	0.144	0.107	0.160	0.140	0.174	0.141	0.122	0.125	0.123 ± 0.174

Abbreviations: 1 s-One standard deviation, n Total number of samples, LOI Loss of ignition, CIA Chemical index of alteration (Nesbitt and Young 1982), CIW Chemical index of weathering (Harnois 1988), PIA Plagioclase index of alteration (Fedo et al. 1995), ICV Index of compositional variability (Cox et al. 1995), Fe₂O₃^* Total Fe expressed as Fe₂O₃. Refer to Table 1, for water depth, latitude and longitude

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