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Fig. 11 | Journal of Palaeogeography

Fig. 11

From: Large soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in the Permian Barren Measures Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India: potential link to syn-rift palaeoearthquake events

Fig. 11

Field photographs of different types of water-escape structures. a Vertical column of coarse-grained sandstone (arrow) piercing through the overlying beds causing their deformation due to water-escape; b Inverted funnel-shaped water-escape structure sharply piercing (arrows) across cross-beds; c Upward protrusion of beds producing inverted ‘V’s (arrows) due to water-escape at different beds at different times; d Sand dykes (arrows) cutting across all overlying layers and mixing with overlying deformed layers; e The bulging successive thick sandstone layers caused by water escaping upwards led to a stacked inverted ‘V’-like deformation, producing chevron bending of several layers (black arrows); f Truncation of a water-escape structure (arrow) by the overlying foreset, indicating the syn-sedimentary nature of the deformation structure. Length of the pen in (a), (c), (f) is 14 cm; length of the hammer in (b), (d), (e) is 30 cm

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