Fig. 1

Localities and Early Carboniferous palaeogeographic setting. a Map of British Isles showing location of more detailed map in b. Inset shows global Early Carboniferous palaeogeography, the location of the UK and the distribution of Early Carboniferous reefal buildups (yellow dots) from Webb (2002); b Regional palaeogeographic setting of northern England showing sample locations for Labechia carbonaria assembled by Smith (1932), after Waters et al. (2009)