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Journal of Palaeogeography
Fig. 32 | Journal of Palaeogeography

Fig. 32

From: The turbidite-contourite-tidalite-baroclinite-hybridite problem: orthodoxy vs. empirical evidence behind the “Bouma Sequence”

Fig. 32

a Plot of sediment concentration for different flow types. Note that a typical turbidity current can exist only in sediment concentration less than 9% by volume (Bagnold 1962). Note overlap in sediment concentration among low-density, turbidity currents, high-density turbidity currents, and hyperconcentrated flows or debris flows; Reference: Pierson and Costa (1987). b Experimental stratified flows with a basal laminar-inertia flow and an upper (turbulent) turbidity current that have been termed as “high-density turbidity currents” (HDTC) by Postma et al. (1988). Compare with our experimental generation of stratified flows with basal sandy debris-flow layer and an upper turbidity-current layer (Fig. 31). HDTC are considered as sandy debris flows by Shanmugam (1996). Note clasts near the top of sandy debris flows along the rheological interface. Source: a Modified after Shanmugam 1996), SEPM. b From Postma et al. (1988). Elsevier. Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink: Licensee: G. Shanmugam. License Number: 4986780407199. License Date: January 12, 2021

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